Naturalization

Naturalization is the legal process by which a foreign-born lawful permanent resident becomes a U.S. citizen. The typical path requires: holding a green card for 5 years (or 3 years if married to and living with a U.S. citizen), continuous residence in the U.S., physical presence for at least half that time, good moral character, basic English ability, passing a U.S. civics test, and taking the Oath of Allegiance. The application is filed using Form N-400. U.S. citizenship grants the right to vote, petition for family members as immediate relatives, apply for a U.S. passport, and protection from deportation.